Karlsson, G. (1993) Psychological Qualitative Research from a Phenomenological Perspective. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

The main purpose of this book is to present, discuss and illustrate a concrete empirical phenomenological psychological method...

Keats, D. (1993) Skilled Interviewing, 2nd edition. Hawthorn, Victoria, Australian Council for Educational Research.

Chapter titles include:
1. Psychological bases of interviewing
2. Types of interview
3. Structuring the interview
4. Techniques of interviewing
5. Non-verbal communication
6. Some difficult cases
7. Interviewing children
8. Interviewing the very old
9. Interviewing in situations of emotional stress
10. Interviewing across cultures
11. Interviews as research tools.

Keogh, J., Cook, A. & Bruce, C. (1994) Science students and science teachers conceptions of learning. In R. Ballantyne and C. Bruce (eds.) Phenomenography: Philosophy and Practice. Proceedings. QUT, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 229- 243.

This study was conducted in a State High School in Brisbane, Australia. The paper presents the results of the inquiry into qualitatively different ways in which a group of science teachers and students reported their experience of learning.

Kvale, S. (1989a) To validate is to question. In S. Kvale (ed.) Issues of Validity in Qualitative Research. Studentlitteratur, Lund.

The issue of valid knowledge in qualitative research is pursued in three directions: a questioning of the subject matter investigated, a questioning of the concept of true knowledge, and finally a questioning of the validity question. First an overview of approaches to validity in current social science research is presented and then related to philosophical conceptions of truth.

Kvale, S. (ed.) (1989b) Issues of Validity in Qualitative Research. Studentlitteratur, Lund.

Within the last few years the issue of validity in qualitative research has come to the fore. The present volume reflects this emerging concern. The volume does not provide a systematic overview of the many different concepts of validity...rather specific issues of validation are discussed . Contributions by Kvale, Polkinghorne, Salner, and others. Highly Recommended.

Kvale, S. (1987) Validity in the qualitative research interview. Methods, 1(2): 37-42.

Kvale, S. (1983) The qualitative research interview - a phenomenological and a hermeneutical mode of understanding. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 14: 171-196.

Kwan, T. & Gerber, R. (1995) Asian migrant students' experiences of using maps to find their way around suburban Australian streets. Paper presented to the 6th EARLI Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, August 26 - 31.

This paper reports the investigative study, which used a phenomenographic approach, of how a group of recently-migrated 12 - 15 year old students found their way around a suburban area using a street directory map.While the content of this study belongs to map use and the wayfinding experience of students for whom English is the second language, the approach used is phenomenographic. Here, the qualitatively different ways in which the students used maps to find their way around a suburban environment were identified. The students' experiences were captured using a behavioural matrix of their actions during the wayfinding task and reflective interviews obtained immediately after completion of the task. Four qualitatively different approaches were revealed from the students' experience of wayfinding. They are: a restricted neophytic approach; a careful, sequential approach; a deductive, familiarized approach; and a visualized, coordinated spatial approach. (Author s abstract).

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, Z.